_1694337908 20230910092508000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Journal of Veterinary Physiology and Pathology J. Vet. Physiol. Pathol. 2821-0328 09 09 2023 2 3 Candidiasis Andreia Garces https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-3141 Candidiasis is a fungal disease that is induced by yeast from the genus Candida spp. This opportunistic pathogen is present in the skin and gastrointestinal tract of the host, and it tends to induce disease when the host's immune system is suppressed. The aim of this study was to present a short review of Candidiasis in birds, covering aspects, such as host, species, pathogeny, and diagnosis.  Candida comprises approximately 200 species, but only a few of them are pathogenic. Among these, Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated in clinical cases. Candida spp. is a polymorphic fungus that can appear in the form of budding yeast, hyphae, or pseudohyphae, depending on the growth environment. They are pretty common in birds, being observed in almost every species. In birds, they can cause infections in the upper digestive system and skin. Clinically, candidiasis in birds is characterized by low morbidity and mortality rates. Affected birds typically display nonspecific indications like depression, anorexia, and inhibited growth. Diagnosis can be performed by laboratory culture, cytology, histopathology, and PCR. On postmortem examination is possible to observe a pseudomembrane with a whitish to yellowish color, easily removed, and an eroded mucosal epithelium of the crop. Infections can be prevented by good sanitary conditions. 09 09 2023 42 46 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/jvpp.v2i3.29 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/view/29 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/download/29/39 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/download/29/39 Holzschu DL, Presley HL, Miranda M, and Phaff HJ. Identification of Candida lusitaniae as an opportunis 10.1128/jcm.10.2.202-205.1979 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100598 10.3390/jof6040380 10.1053/AX.2000.4620 10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.01.199 Asfaw M, and Dawit D. Review on major fungal disease of poultry. Br Poul Sci. 2017; 6(1): 16-25. Available at: https://idosi.org/bjps/6(1)17/3.pdf Vieira RG, and Coutinho SDA. Phenotypical characterization of Candida spp. isolated from crop of parrots (Amazona spp.). Pesq 10.1590/S0100-736X2009000600002 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.022 Kemoi EK, Okemo P, and Bii CC. Isolation of Candida species in domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) droppings in Kabigeriet village, Nakuru county Kenya. Eur Sci J. 2013; 9(36): 309-318. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/328023949.pdf Abbas MS, Yassein SN, and Khalaf JM. Isolation and identification of some important mycological isolates from dropping of birds in Baghdad. J Entomol Zool Stud. 2017; 5(3): 671-673. Availabale at: https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue3/PartJ/5-2-255-338.pdf 10.1647/2018-419 10.1007/s11046-021-00527-3 10.1128/aem.56.3.826-828.1990 10.17221/2049-VETMED Garcês A, Lopes R, Salinas D, Ferreira M, Infante S, Lopes A, et al. First report of oral Candidiasis by Candida lusitaniae in a red kite (Milvus milvus, Lineu 1758). J Adv Vet Res. 2022; 12(3): 321-323. Available at: https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/956 10.3923/pjbs.2013.1626.1640 Quinn PJ, Markey JF, Leonard FC, Fanning S, and Fitzpatrick ES, editors. Veterinary microbiology and microbial disease, 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. 10.1002/9781119371199 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002808 10.58803/jwps.v1i1.5 10.1186/1476-0711-9-11