_1711440800 20240326081320000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Journal of Veterinary Physiology and Pathology J. Vet. Physiol. Pathol. 2821-0328 03 22 2024 3 1 Muna Tawfeeq Abd https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4024-9487 Ghasaq Sami Mshary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8770-7468 Ali Nasser Kadhim https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7658-8790 Husien Abbas Khamees https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4572-2640 Introduction: prevalent in the majority of developing nations. Case report: The present study reported a foot and mouth disease Sat-2 outbreak in Al-Muthanna province in southern Iraq in March 2023. Three male Holstein Friesian cows, aged between 1 and 1.5 years and weighing approximately 550 ± 15 kg each, were affected. Clinical examination revealed symptoms, including fever, severe lameness, anorexia, depression, frothy salivation, and vesicular lesions on the mouth and feet. Confirmation of the Sat-2 serotype was achieved through serological testing and genotyping of the virus, conducted by the FMD Institute, Ankara, Türkiye. The Sat-2 serotype was recognized by genotyping the virus and submitting SAT-2 VP1 sequences. The treatments for secondary infection prevention included Ceftifur (2.2 mg/kg) for 5 days, and flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg) for 2 days. The other animals that were not exposed to infected animals were vaccinated against FMD. Rigorous biosecurity measures were implemented, involving thorough disinfection of the environment and quarantine of the infected animals. Direct contact between the farmer and other animals, particularly the sick ones, was completely avoided. After 2 weeks, all infected animals began to eat normally again, and clinical signs disappeared. Notably, other animals on the farm did not exhibit any signs of FMD. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study underscore the importance of biosecurity measures and vaccination in FMD prevention. Additionally, administering antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of secondary infections proves to be crucial. 03 22 2024 7 10 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/jvpp.v3i1.36 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/view/36 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/download/36/55 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/download/36/55 10.3390/v15030598 Garcia ML, and Romanowski V. Viral genomes. Rijeka: IntechOpen; 2012. Available at: 10.5772/1346 10.1128/CMR.17.2.465-493.2004 10.1128/JVI.79.10.6487-6504.2005 10.4061/2011/905768 10.1111/tbed.12373 10.1128/CVI.00339-07 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01204.x 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1210-1213 Sheikh MB, Rashid PA, Raheem Z, Marouf AS, and Amin KM. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of foot and mouth disease virus isolates in Sulaimani province, Iraq. Vet Res Forum. 2021; 12(2): 247-251. DOI: 10.30466%2Fvrf.2019.101755.2424 Abd Hatem A, Ahmed Abdul Wahid Al Anbagi N, Al-Alo KZK, and Sabah Bustani G. Detection of antibody against non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle in Najaf, Iraq. Arch Razi Inst. 2022; 77(3): 1185-1189. DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.357621.2074 10.5089/9798400231759.002 Freath L, King D, Pacey A, and Bacigalupo S. Foot and mouth disease in the Middle East and North Africa. 2023; 2022: . Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ uploads /system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1135999/Foot_and_Mouth_Disease_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa.pdf 10.3390/v15040969 World Reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease (WRLFMD). Foot-and-mouth disease January-March 2023 quarterly report. 2023. p. 1-36. Available at: https://www.wrlfmd.org/sites/world/files/ quick_media/WOAH-FAO FMD Ref Lab Report Jan-Mar 2023.pdf Alvi A, Javaid MK, Qamar W, Ahmed MH, and Ahmed A. Research article unusual case of foot and mouth disease in a ram (Ovis aries) in Pakistan and evaluation of symptomatic and supportive therapy. 2018; 7(3): 1342-1344. Available at: https://journalijcrls.com/ sites/default/files/issues-pdf/00937.pdf World animal health information (WOAH). WAHIS portal: Animal health data. WAHIS events management, event 4856 Iraq – Foot and mouth disease virus. 2023. p. 1-3. Available at: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4856?reportId=158900&fromPage=event-dashboard-url 10.1186/s13567-015-0173-4 Radostits OM, Gay CC, Hinchcliff KW, Constable PD, Jacobs DE, Ikede BO, et al. Veterinary medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. London: Elsevier Saunders; 2007. p. 966-994. 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i2.63204 10.21608/avmj.2015.170185 10.17582/journal.vsrr/2016.2.3.76.81 10.3390/ani13101695 10.1017/S0950268896007376 10.3390/ani11061697 10.1016/j.cvfa.2014.11.009 Joshi V., VikramR., Chamuah J. K., Vupru K., Khate K. and Khan M.H. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Mithun: Clinical Presentation and Management. Technical Bulletin, ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Nagaland. 2021.https://nrcmithun.icar.gov.in.