_1744003170 20250407051930000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Journal of Veterinary Physiology and Pathology J. Vet. Physiol. Pathol. 2821-0328 01 26 2025 3 4 Sarood Shawkat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-3583 Zhina Abbas Mohammed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-5041 Flaxseeds are one of the potential oil seeds packed with excellent amount of nutrition and possess various health benefits. Interestingly, flax seeds' health benefits are mainly attributed to the omega-3 fatty acids, lignans and fiber they contain. It is used in different forms, such as whole and flour.This review provides an overview of the impact of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) on various aspects of health, including its effects on fermentation, volatile fatty acids, digestibility, milk yield, physiological action, ovarian and reproductive state, folliculogenesis, in vitro fertilization (IVF) performance, reproductive hormones, embryo production, and plasma and glucose levels in dairy cows. The impacts could be evaluated by flaxseed lignin, alpha-linoleic acid, and their derivatives. Flaxseed is abundant in α-linoleic acid (ALA) and can potentially enhance omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the milk of dairy cows. Nevertheless, the impact of various forms of flaxseed supplementation on rumen fermentation remains uncertain. Various intracellular signaling pathways, binding proteins, receptors, metabolic and reproductive hormones, and their overall behavior might be affected by alterations. Flaxseed oil did not affect the pH and NH3-N levels in the rumen. Additionally, consuming flaxseed may offer health advantages for humans.  Their actions can be mediated by a variety of intracellular signaling pathways, including protein kinases, transcription factors that control cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and malignant transformation; alterations in general metabolism; reproductive and metabolic hormones; and receptors. The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the nutritional profile, health benefits, value-added products, and toxicity of flaxseeds. 01 26 2025 30 35 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/jvpp.v3i4.50 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/view/50 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/download/50/69 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/download/50/69 10.3390/agriculture12122027 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.03.001 10.1017/S1751731120000397 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.01.002 10.22358/jafs/70284/2004 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02648 10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00126-7 Shayan M, Kamalian S, Sahebkar A and Tayarani-Najaran Z. Flaxseed for health and disease: Review of clinical trials. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen; 2020; 23: 699–722. 10.21931/RB/2022.07.04.510.21931/ 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.003 Feng AJ, Ye M, Wu CF and Wang JH. Detoxification technology of linseed through pichiapastoris GS115-Ch-Glu. The Food Ind. 2015; 36:105–107 (in Chinese). 10.3382/ps/pey071 10.1017/S175173111900137X 10.3168/jds.2011-4552 10.3168/jds.2018-15974 10.3389/fnut.2022.831178 10.1080/07315724.2000.10718964 10.1002/jsfa.1430 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74182-9 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75030-2 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73343-3 Hassan KhM, Sadq SM, Zahir HG and Salih AM. Effect of different levels of ground flaxseed on In vitro and In vivo digestibility in Karadi lambs. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci., 2014, 4(12): 644-649. 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74217-3 10.5713/ajas.14.0850 10.3168/jds.2009-2839 10.3168/jds.2012-5415 10.3168/jds.2013-6728 10.3168/jds.2016-11003 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.04.009 10.3168/jds.2009-2167 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.013 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.08.003 10.3168/jds.2014-8789 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72581-4 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73528-6 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.031 10.1089/jmf.2011.0314 10.1002/jsfa.898 10.1017/S1751731110001308 10.1530/REP-13-0244 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75155-1 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74306-3 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74072-1 Alexander VS. Influence of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) on Female Reproduction. Thieme. All rights reserved. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Rüdigerstraße 2023;14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany. 10.1111/jpn.12304 10.1530/REP-10-0518 Sirotkin AV. Regulators of Ovarian Functions. New York, USA: Nova Publishers, Inc.; 2014; 194. 10.1093/humrep/dez305 10.2174/1386207323666200521121708 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00837-3 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.11.002 10.1017/BJN20061979 10.17221/9/2017-CJAS 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74220-3 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02625