_1780292474 20260601054114000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Journal of Veterinary Physiology and Pathology J. Vet. Physiol. Pathol. 2821-0328 12 09 2025 4 4 Olawale Olatunde Modupeoluwa https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6071-406X Billy Quadri Omoniyi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8262-1259 Abdulrauf Adekunle Usman https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6614-6343 Taiwo Oluwatosin https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1941-3576 Titilope Oluwatoyin Olagbegi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7799-9834 Bello Olaoluwa Isaac https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6999-9559 Margaret Omotayo Owolabi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5126-6306 Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3682-8882 Onyinye Ikejiofor https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4510-3689 Tolulope Akin-fawole https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-9261 Bello-Ibiyemi Abdulrahman Oluwatosin https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4216-613X Introduction: Spirochetes of Leptospira spp. are responsible for leptospirosis, a zoonotic bacterial infection that affects various animal species, particularly canines. The present study aimed to report the detailed clinical presentation, management, post-mortem examinations, and histopathological findings of a 5-year-old male Boerboel dog displaying signs of acute illness, including anorexia, constipation, and emesis. Case report: The dog was presented to the small animal clinic, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Systems, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. Initial physical examinations revealed lethargy, pale mucous membranes, and constipation; laxatives and enemas were administered. The dog’s condition worsened, and then an exploratory laparotomy was performed, revealing a distended, obstructed intestine. Post-surgical care included antimicrobial and fluid therapy; however, the dog died a few days after the surgery. Necropsy revealed significant findings, including fatty liver, haemorrhagic enteritis, and lymphadenomegaly. Histopathological findings of the liver exhibited moderate hepatic lipidosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cholestasis. Renal samples exhibited interstitial nephritis and tubular degeneration. Reactive changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues were observed in the intestinal samples. The polymerase chain reaction result for the Leptospira 16S rRNA gene was positive in the liver, confirming the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis.Conclusion: The present study highlighted the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention in suspected cases of leptospirosis. The combination of clinical assessment, post-mortem findings, histopathological evaluation, and molecular diagnostics provided a comprehensive understanding of the disease process and emphasized the need for increased awareness and improved management strategies for canine leptospirosis in veterinary practice. 12 29 2025 85 90 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/jvpp.v4i4.63 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/view/63 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/download/63/98 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/download/63/98 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007270 10.1099/ijs.0.63783-0 10.1136/vr.163.14.409 10.1017/S1466252321000190 Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, and Palmer N, editors. Pathology of domestic animals. 4th edition. San Diego, California: Academic Press, Inc.; 2012. Available at: https://books.google.com.ng/books?hl=en&lr=&id=qjFfJ8pcttMC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1& 10.4172/2155-9597.1000133 Latimer KS, editor. Duncan and Prasse's veterinary laboratory medicine: Clinical pathology. 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Available at: https://books.google.com.ng/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vChply3nkm4C&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Latimer+KS,+Duncan+%26+Prasse%E2%80%99s+Veterinary+Laboratory+Medicine:+Clinical+Pathology,+5th+ed.,+Wiley-Blackwell,+2011&ots=4TMsAh_cxc&sig=wR2gLkkGHGDjapxWaEZZ4mr3G6M&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Budde JA, and McCluskey DM, editors. Plumb's veterinary drug handbook. 10th ed. United Kingdom: Wiley; 2023. Available at: https://books.google.com/books?id=D9a5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=snippet&q=enema%20&f=false Pastore GE, Lamb CR, and Lipscomb V. Comparison of the results of abdominal ultrasonography and exploratory laparotomy in the dog and cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2006; 47(1): 117. Available at: https://www.ovid.com/journals/vetru/abstract/01445522-200601000-00051~comparison-of-the-results-of-abdominal-ultrasonography-and 10.1007/978-1-60761-849-2_4 10.1177/10406387211024575 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0349 10.4314/nvj.v46i1.7 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100406 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.005 10.4102/ojvr.v84i1.1210