_1776568076 20260419030756000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Journal of Veterinary Physiology and Pathology J. Vet. Physiol. Pathol. 2821-0328 03 05 2026 5 1 Manivelu Deivansigamani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3845 Hassan Mohammed Adam Sulieman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0773-8940 Vaiyapuri Kanmani https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5286-4268 Introduction: Aquatic ecosystems face increasing threats from natural and anthropogenic contaminants, including plant-based toxins such as Euphorbia tirucalli (E. tirucalli) latex, which pose specific risks to marine organisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical effects of E. tirucalli latex on the gills, liver, and kidneys of Oreochromis mossambicus (O. mossambicus) using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy over a 28-day exposure period. Materials and methods: A total of 54 O. mossambicus fish were collected from the Krishnagiri Reservoir, Tamil Nadu, India. The fish were divided into two groups, including the control group (Group A), maintained in clean water without latex exposure, and the second group exposed to lyophilized E. tirucalli latex at a concentration of 0.315 g/L for 28 days under continuous aeration (Group B). The latex of E. tirucalli was lyophilized and administered through water exposure following a 10-day acclimation period. The latex-induced biochemical alterations in gill, liver, and kidney tissues were assessed by FTIR spectral shifts in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate bands.Results: The FTIR analysis revealed distinct, organ-specific biochemical alterations in response to latex exposure. The liver analysis in Group B exhibited a pronounced C=O ester stretch at 1745 cm⁻¹, indicating lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, whereas the kidney indicated notable sugar and phosphate absorption bands (1084-1030 cm⁻¹) and a unique peak at 875 cm⁻¹, suggesting metabolic disturbance. Gill tissues in Group B displayed relatively moderate biochemical responses. Protein content analysis across different tissues in both experimental groups revealed significant variations, confirming that E. tirucalli latex disrupted protein metabolism. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of FTIR spectroscopy in detecting organ-specific biochemical changes, highlighting the toxic potential of E. tirucalli latex as an environmental hazard in aquatic ecosystems. 03 05 2026 1 7 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/jvpp.v5i1.78 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/view/78 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/download/78/102 https://jvpp.rovedar.com/index.php/JVPP/article/download/78/102 10.1021/np040210f 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.06.002 10.2139/ssrn.5087507 10.1590/S0074-02762005000700018 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.013 10.3390/toxics11020147 10.1080/05704920701829043 10.1007/s10867-018-9484-9 10.1016/S0039-9140(00)00462-8 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1994.tb00795.x 10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i243817 10.3923/pjbs.2003.1423.1429 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.049 10.1590/0001-3765201520140076 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.08.003 10.1002/tox.20557 National animal health monitoring system (NAHMS). NAHMS goat 2019 blood and swab sample collection records. 2019. p. 1-6. Available at: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/blood-and-swab-cer.pdf 10.1016/j.aqrep.2015.08.006 10.1080/05704928.2016.1230863 10.20959/wjpr20178-9031 10.21276/ijpbs 10.1201/b10777 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.09.011 10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00146-1 10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00044-1